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Quiz Questions (24 questions)
1. Herbert pits are found in the chronic stage of trachoma.
2. A recurrent bilateral conjunctivitis occurring with the onset of hot weather in young boys with symptom of burning, itching and lacrimation with large flat topped cobble stone papillae raised areas in the palpebral conjunctiva is Vernal keratoconjunctivitis.
3. A nasal triangular, fibrovascular wedge of conjunctival tissue extend to the limbus is Pterygium.
4. The treatment of choice for a 7-year-old girl with hyperemia, follicles, and papillae on the upper tarsal conjunctiva, follicles in the limbic region and the bulbar conjunctiva, and corneal haziness with neovascularization is Oral Azithromycin.
5. A 2-week-old female newborn with mucopurulent discharge in both eyes and mild eyelid swelling is most likely caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae or Chlamydia trachomatis.
6. The probable cause of Ophthalmia Neonatorum at the 3rd week after birth is Chlamydia trachomatis.
7. Ciliary injection is not a basic reaction of the conjunctiva.
8. Follicles are characteristic for Viral conjunctivitis.
9. Viral conjunctivitis is the most frequent cause of conjunctivitis.
10. Giant papillae on eversion of upper lids with bilateral mild ptosis and gelatinous thickening of the limbal conjunctiva is Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis.
11. Exposure to ultraviolet radiation is a risk factor for pterygium development.
12. Viral conjunctivitis is the most common cause of infectious conjunctivitis in adults.
13. Coughing is the most common cause of subconjunctival hemorrhage.
14. Intense itching, redness, and tearing in both eyes, worse in the spring and summer, with cobblestone-like elevations on the upper tarsal conjunctiva & limbal Horner-Trantas dots is Vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC).
15. The treatment of choice for a 8-year-old girl with mucopurulent discharge, follicles in the limbic region and the bulbar conjunctiva, corneal haziness with neovascularization, hyperemia, follicles, and papillae on the upper tarsal conjunctiva is Oral Azithromycin.
16. In viral epidemic kerato-conjunctlvitis characteristically there is usually Excessive watery lacrimation.
17. Bilateral conjunctival injection with watery discharge and chemosis is Allergic conjunctivitis.
18. Tranta's spots are noticed in cases of Bulbar spring catarrh.
19. A 12 years old boy receiving long term treatment for spring catarrh, developed defective vision in both eyes. The likely cause is Posterior subcapsular cataract.
20. A recurrent bilateral conjunctivitis occurring with the onset of hot weather in young boys with symptoms of burning, itching, and lacrimation with large flat topped cobble stone papillae raised areas in the palpebral conjunctiva is Vernal keratoconjunctivitis.
21. A female patient 18 years old, who is contact lens wearer since two years, is complaining of redness, lacrimation and foreign body sensation of both eyes. The expected diagnosis can be Giant papillary conjunctivitis.
22. Patching of the eye is contraindicated in Mucopurulent conjunctivitis.
23. Follicles were found in the lower palpebral conjunctiva with tender preauricular lymph nodes. The most probable diagnosis is Adenoviral conjunctivitis.
24. In trachoma the patient is infectious when there is Follicles and papillae in the palpebral conjunctiva.
Previous Exam Questions (51 questions)
1. Allergic conjunctivitis is the most likely diagnosis for a 16-year-old boy with a history of nasal allergies presenting with bilateral conjunctival injection, watery discharge, chemosis, eyelid edema, and ocular itching after spending time in the countryside, with normal visual acuity and no periocular lymph node enlargement.
2. Chlamydia trachomatis is the most likely cause of ophthalmia neonatorum in a 2-week-old female newborn presenting with mucopurulent discharge and eyelid swelling, typically manifesting 5-14 days after birth.
3. Neisseria gonorrhoeae is the most likely cause of ophthalmia neonatorum in a 5-day-old female newborn presenting with severe purulent discharge, severe lid swelling, fever, and lethargy, especially with a maternal history of untreated vaginitis and irregular prenatal care, typically manifesting 3-5 days after birth.
4. Trachoma conjunctivitis is the most likely diagnosis for a 5-year-old girl who immigrated from Sudan one month ago, presenting with mucopurulent discharge, matting of the eyelashes, hyperemia, follicles, and papillae on the upper tarsal conjunctiva.
5. Topical erythromycin is the most appropriate pharmacotherapy for bacterial conjunctivitis in adults, commonly caused by Staphylococcus aureus, presenting with redness, foreign body sensation, muco-purulent discharge, and eyelids stuck together in the morning.
6. Herpes simplex virus is the most likely cause of conjunctivitis in a 7-year-old boy with a history of asthma and atopic dermatitis, presenting with photophobia, pruritus, crusts over the eyelashes, conjunctival injection, watery discharge, and multiple vesicles with an erythematous base on the eyelids.
7. Vernal keratoconjunctivitis is a likely diagnosis for a 12-year-old boy presenting with bilateral red, itchy eyes for several weeks, crustiness upon awakening, and a watery discharge, with a history of seasonal allergies, asthma, and eczema.
8. Trantas dots are a characteristic clinical feature of vernal keratoconjunctivitis.
9. The typical age of onset for vernal keratoconjunctivitis is childhood, between 10-12 years.
10. Exposure to pollen is a common trigger for exacerbations of vernal keratoconjunctivitis.
11. IgE-mediated hypersensitivity is the primary mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of vernal keratoconjunctivitis.
12. The typical prognosis for patients with well-managed vernal keratoconjunctivitis is good, with resolution of symptoms over time.
13. Topical corticosteroids are a primary treatment approach for vernal keratoconjunctivitis.
14. Long-term management of vernal keratoconjunctivitis often requires lifelong management with topical medications and avoidance of triggers and environmental control.
15. The most likely diagnosis for a 16-year-old boy with bilateral conjunctival injection, watery discharge, chemosis, eyelid edema, and a history of nasal allergies is allergic conjunctivitis.
16. Mild to moderate symptoms of allergic conjunctivitis usually respond well to simple home treatments such as bathing eyes with cold water, ice packs, and cold water compresses.
17. Non-medicated eye drops can help to lubricate the eye and gently flush allergens from the surface in cases of allergic conjunctivitis.
18. More severe symptoms of allergic conjunctivitis will usually require treatment with medication such as eye drops, mast cell stabilizers like sodium cromoglicate, antihistamines like levocabastine, vasoconstrictors, topical steroids, or oral antihistamines.
19. Ophthalmia Neonatorum (ON), or conjunctivitis of the newborn, occurs within the first month of life.
20. Chlamydia trachomatis is the most likely cause of a 2-week-old female newborn presenting with red eyes and mucopurulent discharge, typically manifesting at 5–14 days after birth.
21. Chemical conjunctivitis typically occurs within the first 24 hours following birth.
22. Neisseria gonorrhea conjunctivitis typically occurs 3-5 days after birth.
23. Chlamydia trachomatis conjunctivitis typically occurs 5-14 days after birth.
24. HSV conjunctivitis typically occurs 1-2 weeks after birth, and may present with vesicles.
25. Oral Azithromycin is the treatment of choice for neonates with Chlamydial conjunctivitis because it provides systemic coverage, given the high rates of concomitant upper respiratory tract infection.
26. Erythromycin or tetracycline ointment can be used in addition to oral azithromycin, but is probably unnecessary for Chlamydial conjunctivitis.
27. Chemical conjunctivitis requires no treatment.
28. Chlamydial conjunctivitis is treated with oral and local azithromycin.
29. Gonococcal conjunctivitis is treated with Ceftriaxone IM or IV.
30. HSV conjunctivitis is treated with Acyclovir IV.
31. Other bacterial conjunctivitis caused by Gram-positive bacteria is treated with Bacitracin ointment QID for 2 weeks.
32. Other bacterial conjunctivitis caused by Gram-negative bacteria is treated with Gentamicin or tobramycin for 2 weeks.
33. The diagnosis for a 5-day-old female newborn with severe purulent discharge, severe lid swelling, fever, and lethargy is Ophthalmia Neonatorum caused by Neisseria gonorrhea.
34. Gonococcal infection is supported by severe purulent discharge in both eyes, severe lid swelling, and onset 3-5 days after birth, as well as fever and lethargy.
35. Gonococcal conjunctivitis is treated systemically with a third-generation cephalosporin such as ceftriaxone IM or IV.
36. The most likely diagnosis for a 5-year-old girl with mucopurulent discharge, matting of the eyelashes, hyperemia, follicles, and papillae on the upper tarsal conjunctiva is Trachoma conjunctivitis.
37. Trachoma manifests as follicular conjunctivitis and then progresses to a mixed papillary and follicular conjunctivitis.
38. Corneal haziness with neovascularization is called pannus and is a classic presentation of active trachoma.
39. The most common organism causing bacterial conjunctivitis in adults is staphylococcus aureus.
40. Topical Erythromycin is the most appropriate pharmacotherapy for bacterial conjunctivitis.
41. Erythromycin is effective against gram-positive and some gram-negative organisms, making it the empirical treatment of choice in patients with bacterial conjuntivitis.
42. Herpes simplex virus is the most likely cause of photophobia, pruritus on the periocular area, crusts over the eyelashes, conjunctival injection, redness, watery discharge, and multiple vesicles with an erythematous base on the eyelids.
43. HSV conjunctivitis is usually unilateral and often manifests with a vesicular rash.
44. The diagnosis for a 12-year-old boy with bilateral red, itchy eyes, crustiness upon awakening, and a watery discharge, with a history of seasonal allergies, asthma, and eczema, is vernal keratoconjunctivitis.
45. Trantas dots are a characteristic clinical feature of vernal keratoconjunctivitis.
46. The typical age of onset for vernal keratoconjunctivitis is between 10-12 years.
47. Exposure to pollen is a common trigger for exacerbations of vernal keratoconjunctivitis.
48. IgE-mediated hypersensitivity is the primary mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of vernal keratoconjunctivitis.
49. The typical prognosis for patients with well-managed vernal keratoconjunctivitis is good, with resolution of symptoms over time.
50. The primary treatment approach for vernal keratoconjunctivitis includes topical antihistamines, topical mast cell stabilizers, and topical corticosteroids.
51. Long-term management of vernal keratoconjunctivitis often requires lifelong management with topical medications and avoidance of triggers and environmental control.
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Okay, let's dive into conjunctival diseases. **Conjunctival Diseases: An In-Depth Study Guide** The **conjunctiva**, a clear mucous membrane covering the outer surface of the eye and inner surface of the eyelids, is susceptible to various diseases. Symptoms of conjunctival diseases include **redne...
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