cnsinfection
CNS
Assiut University • Faculty of medicine • Level 3
1
Files
cnsinfection
AI Mind Map
Interactive visualization of lecture concepts
No Mind Map Yet
Generate an AI-powered mind map to visualize lecture concepts
Files & Documents
1 file available for download
Focus
Quiz Questions (24 questions)
1. The CSF changes of viral encephalitis include an increased number of lymphocytes.
2. In meningitis, the suspected finding in brain neuroimaging is no brain focal lesion.
3. Herpes encephalitis presents with headache, vomiting, sleepiness, irritability, fever, vesicular herpetic eruption, drowsiness, and neck laxity.
4. In TB meningitis, CSF findings include a cloudy aspect, low glucose, and lymphocytes >10mm.
5. A complication of acute bacterial meningitis is obstructive hydrocephalus.
6. Herpes encephalitis presents with headache, vomiting, sleepiness, irritability, fever, vesicular eruption at the mouth, drowsiness, and neck laxity.
7. Bacterial meningitis presents with high grade fever, projectile vomiting, neck stiffness and generalized tonic clonic seizures associated with regain conscious level, and a history of purulent otitis media.
8. Brain abscess presents with chronic purulent otitis media, high grade fever, projectile vomiting, neck pain, head retraction, generalized seizures, weakness of right side of the body, mouth deviation, and disturbed conscious level.
9. Tuberculous meningitis presents with low grade fever, projectile vomiting, neck pain and seizures, cough and expectoration of blood-tinged sputum, night sweating and loss of weight.
10. Anti-viral drugs (Acyclovir) are given IV for Herpes simplex encephalitis.
11. Bacterial meningitis presents with high grade fever, projectile vomiting, and neck stiffness, with a history of purulent discharging ears not responding to treatment.
12. Herpes encephalitis presents with headache, vomiting and sleepiness, fever, vesicular herpetic eruption at mouth angle, drowsiness, and neck laxity.
13. Bacterial meningitis presents with high grade fever, projectile vomiting, neck pain and generalized seizures associated with regain conscious level, and a history of purulent discharging ears and fever not responding to treatment.
14. Brain abscess presents with chronic purulent otitis media, high grade fever, projectile vomiting, neck pain, head retraction and generalized seizures, weakness of right sided of the body and mouth deviation associated with disturbed conscious level.
15. Tuberculous meningitis presents with low grade fever, projectile vomiting, neck pain and seizures, cough and expectoration of blood-tinged sputum associated with night sweating and loss of weight.
16. Herpes encephalitis presents with headache, vomiting, sleepiness and irritability, fever, vesicular herpetic eruption at mouth angle, drowsiness, and neck laxity.
17. Broad spectrum antibiotics (Cefotaxime and crystalline penicillin) are given intravenously for bacterial meningitis.
18. Broad spectrum antibiotics (Cefotaxime and crystalline penicillin) are given parenterally in treatment of bacterial meningitis because these drugs crossed blood barrier and are broad-spectrum antibiotics.
19. In meningitis, the suspected finding in brain neuroimaging is no focal brain lesion.
20. Carotid angiography is not helpful for diagnosis in Herpes encephalitis.
21. Status epilepticus is observed usually in patients presented with encephalitis.
22. In TB meningitis, CSF findings include a cloudy aspect, low glucose and lymphocytes.
23. Manifestations of meningeal irritation could be found early in meningitis.
24. The immunocompromised patients are commonly presented by bacterial meningitis, which commonest organism is causing this condition among them is Listeria monocytogenes.
Previous Exam Questions (35 questions)
1. The patient's presentation with pyrexia (38.5°C), neck stiffness, and a Glasgow Coma Scale of 6 suggests meningitis.
2. The lumbar puncture results, showing turbid CSF with 2000 polymorphs/μL, a protein concentration of 2.8 g/L, and undetectable glucose, indicate a bacterial infection.
3. Effective treatment for this patient includes an early IV dose of a third-generation cephalosporin, such as cefoperazone, which is effective against most causative microorganisms of meningitis.
4. Vancomycin, in combination with a third-generation cephalosporin like ceftriaxone, can be used as empiric therapy for bacterial meningitis in adults due to increasing pneumococcal resistance to penicillin.
5. Penicillin G is effective against Neisseria meningitides and Streptococcus pneumoniae, common pathogens during meningitis epidemics.
6. Special care for fluid and electrolyte balance is needed, avoiding over-hydration, in the management of meningitis.
7. Analgesics and antipyretics can be used to manage headache and fever in patients with meningitis.
8. Dehydrating measures, such as 25% mannitol intravenously, and/or corticosteroids may be used to reduce brain swelling and avoid adhesions, potentially improving the patient's consciousness.
9. A CT brain scan was performed before CSF puncture to exclude focal brain lesions and brain herniation secondary to CSF tapping.
10. The patient's presentation with a worsening headache over 4 days, nausea, vomiting, confusion, and visual hallucinations suggests viral encephalitis, most probably Herpes simplex encephalitis.
11. The CT brain findings, EEG results, and CSF analysis showing 165 mononuclear cells/μL, no polymorphs or red cells, and mildly elevated protein, support a diagnosis of Herpes simplex encephalitis.
12. The patient exhibited mild sensory dysphasia with word-finding difficulties and memory impairment, likely due to the temporal lobe lesion.
13. Treatment for this patient includes acyclovir, given IV at a dose of 30mg/kg/day, divided into three daily doses, each given over one hour, for 10-14 days, as Herpes simplex virus belongs to the treatable group of DNA viruses.
14. Antiepileptic drugs, such as IV diazepam, may be needed to manage generalized or focal seizures, or even status epilepticus, which can occur in cases of encephalitis.
15. Brain diuretics, such as 250ml of 25% mannitol/12 hours for 2 days, can be used to reduce brain swelling in patients with encephalitis.
16. Symptomatic treatment should be provided for memory impairment in patients with encephalitis.
17. Renal function should be regularly monitored during antiviral treatment with acyclovir due to potential side effects on renal function.
18. The clinical diagnosis for the 56-year-old man is meningitis because the patient is presenting with pyrexia of 38.5◦C, neck stiffness, but no other focal neurological signs, and a Glasgow Coma Scale of 6.
19. The suspected organism in the 56-year-old man's case is bacterial because the lumbar puncture yielded turbid CSF with 2000 polymorphs/μL, protein concentration of 2.8 g/L, and undetectable glucose.
20. The proper treatment for the 56-year-old man includes an early IV dose of a third-generation cephalosporin, which is effective against most causative microorganisms.
21. Cefoperazone is a drug of choice for all age groups, acting against almost all meningitis-causing pathogens, and should be given IV at a dose of 2-4 grams every 12 hours for 7 days.
22. Vancomycin, along with a third-generation cephalosporin such as ceftriaxone, can be used as empiric therapy for bacterial meningitis in adults due to the increasing prevalence worldwide of pneumococci with decreasing sensitivity to penicillin.
23. Penicillin G is effective against Neisseria meningitides and Streptococcus pneumoniae, the most commonly identified pathogens during epidemics, and the adult dose is 2 million units every 4 hours.
24. Special care for fluid and electrolyte balance is needed, with avoidance of over-hydration in the treatment of meningitis.
25. Analgesics and antipyretics are used for headache and fever in the treatment of meningitis.
26. Dehydrating measures and symptomatic treatment, such as 25% mannitol intravenously every 12 hours for 2 days and/or corticosteroids, can reduce brain swelling and avoid adhesion, resulting in improvement of the patient’s consciousness.
27. A CT brain scan was performed before CSF puncture to exclude focal brain lesions and brain herniation secondary to CSF tapping.
28. The clinical diagnosis for the 47-year-old accountant is viral encephalitis, most probably Herpes simplex, because of the clinical presentation of worsening headache, vomiting, confusion, and visual hallucinations.
29. Herpes simplex encephalitis is supported by CT brain findings, EEG, and CSF analysis showing 165 mononuclear cells/μL, no polymorphs or red cells, mildly elevated CSF protein, and normal glucose.
30. The 47-year-old accountant exhibited mild sensory dysphasia with word-finding difficulties and memory impairment secondary to a temporal lobe lesion.
31. Treatment for the 47-year-old accountant includes acyclovir, given IV at a dose of 30mg/kg/day, divided into three daily doses, each given over one hour, and treatment should be continued for 10-14 days, because Herpes simplex virus belongs to the treatable group of the DNA viruses.
32. Antiepileptic drugs, such as IV diazepam in a dose of 10 mg, could abort the succession of seizures, as most cases of encephalitis present with generalized or focal seizures or even status epilepticus.
33. Brain diuretics, such as 250ml of 25% mannitol every 12 hours for 2 days, reduce brain swelling in encephalitis.
34. Symptomatic treatment is needed for memory impairment in encephalitis.
35. Renal function should be followed up during antiviral treatment because antiviral treatment has side effects on renal function.
Content processed on Dec 27, 2025 9:03 PM
Lecture Summary
📚 AI-Generated Summary
Comprehensive analysis of lecture content
Alright man, let me explain meningitis and encephalitis to you. This is really important stuff for your exams. **Meningitis and Encephalitis: An Overview** **Meningitis** is an inflammation of the **meninges**, which are the membranes surrounding the **brain** and **spinal cord**. It's critical to...
0
Key Points
0
Exam Topics
0
Practice Q's
✓
Complete
Flashcards
No flashcards created yet
Flashcards help you memorize and review information effectively using spaced repetition
Explore Flashcards