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Quiz Questions (25 questions)
1. Arterial vasospasm, a narrowing of the arteries, can occur following subarachnoid hemorrhage and lead to neurological deficits.
2. High blood pressure is a risk factor for subarachnoid hemorrhage.
3. Positive meningeal signs, such as neck stiffness, can be found in subarachnoid hemorrhage.
4. Basal ganglionic hemorrhage can cause stroke.
5. Ischemic stroke with hemorrhagic transformation can cause stroke.
6. Vertebrobasilar stroke can cause stroke.
7. Antiphospholipid syndrome is associated with venous sinus thrombosis in women with habitual abortion.
8. Low molecular weight heparin is recommended as initial treatment for venous sinus thrombosis.
9. Intracranial aneurysm is predisposing to subarachnoid hemorrhage.
10. Atherosclerosis is a risk factor for stroke.
11. Diabetes is a risk factor for stroke.
12. Hormonal contraception can precipitate venous stroke in women.
13. Hypertension is a risk factor for stroke.
14. Collagen diseases are commonly associated with venous sinus thrombosis in pregnant women.
15. Calcium channel blockers are a specific treatment used in subarachnoid hemorrhage.
16. CNS infection is a differential diagnosis of cerebral venous stroke.
17. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain with MRV (magnetic resonance venography) is the most sensitive diagnostic investigation for venous sinus thrombosis.
18. The period of 1st-6th week postpartum is at high risk of developing cerebral venous thrombosis in women with a history of bad obstetric history.
19. Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis can present with severe headache, hemiparesis, papilledema, and pyramidal signs, and may be preceded by COVID-19 infection.
20. Pontine hemorrhage can cause pin-point pupils, quadriplegia, deep coma, and hyperpyrexia.
21. Viral encephalitis can cause an increased number of lymphocytes in the CSF.
22. In meningitis, brain neuroimaging may show no brain focal lesion.
23. Herpes encephalitis can present with headache, vomiting, sleepiness, irritability, fever, and vesicular herpetic eruption.
24. TB meningitis is characterized by cloudy CSF, low glucose, and lymphocytes >10mm.
25. Obstructive hydrocephalus is a complication of acute bacterial meningitis.
Previous Exam Questions (25 questions)
1. This hypertensive patient developed increased intracranial tension manifestation and mixed dysphasia in acute onset, making the most probable clinical diagnosis cerebral hemorrhage associated with interventricular extension in a hypertensive patient, based on history and neuroimaging.
2. Old age, male sex, and hypertension are risk factors in this stroke patient.
3. Rebleeding, potentially associated with subarachnoid leakage and extension, is an expected complication of uncontrolled hypertension in this patient; therefore, meningeal signs irritation assessment in neurological examination is very important to exclude this complication.
4. Dehydrating measures are indicated for cerebral hemorrhage associated with interventricular extension.
5. Hypertension should be controlled to avoid rebleeding and complications in cerebral hemorrhage patients.
6. If the patient with cerebral hemorrhage shows exacerbation in manifestation of ICT or neurological deficit, a repeat CT brain should be performed to exclude hydrocephalic changes; if hydrocephalic changes or mass effect are detected, neurosurgery should be consulted to evaluate the patient for possible surgical intervention.
7. The patient is presenting with manifestations of ICT associated with meningeal irritations signs and episodes of disturbed conscious level.
8. Positive meningeal irritation signs include Brudzinski's signs, Kernig’s sign, or attitude of generalized flexion and head retraction (Meningetic position).
9. Meningitis, meningism, or disc prolapse are conditions in which positive meningeal irritation signs could be detected.
10. Xanthochromia in CSF is a yellowish discoloration due to breakdown of RBCs, increased protein from the RBCs, and increased ICP, which can occur when diagnosis is delayed and CT brain is normal.
11. A normal CT scan does not exclude subarachnoid hemorrhage, and with a high index of suspicion, lumbar puncture should be carried out immediately after imaging has ruled out a mass lesion.
12. Dehydrating measures are indicated in subarachnoid hemorrhage.
13. Risk factors such as hypertension should be controlled to avoid rebleeding and vasospasm complications in subarachnoid hemorrhage.
14. Calcium channel blockers are used in subarachnoid hemorrhage.
15. CT angiography should be performed, and neurosurgery should be consulted for surgical clipping of aneurysms in subarachnoid hemorrhage.
16. If the patient with subarachnoid hemorrhage shows exacerbation in manifestation of ICT or neurological deficit, a repeat CT brain should be performed to exclude rebleeding or vasospasm, and neurosurgery should be recalled.
17. Calcium channel blockers are used specifically to avoid vasospasm of the bleeding artery as a complication of subarachnoid hemorrhage.
18. This hypertensive patient developed increased intracranial tension manifestation and mixed dysphasia in acute onset, therefore, the most probable clinical diagnosis of this patient is cerebral hemorrhage associated with interventricular extension in a hypertensive patient, based on history and neuroimaging.
19. Old age, male sex, and hypertension are risk factors in this stroke patient.
20. The expected complication here is rebleeding that may be associated with subarachnoid leakage and extension, therefore meningeal signs irritation assessment in neurological examination of this patient is very important to exclude this complication.
21. Manifestations of increased intracranial tension are associated with meningeal irritation signs and episodes of disturbed conscious level.
22. Positive meningeal irritation signs include Brudzinski's sign, Kernig's sign, or attitude of generalized flexion and head retraction (Meningetic position).
23. Positive meningeal irritation signs could be detected in meningitis, meningism, or disc prolapse.
24. Xanthochromia is yellowish CSF due to the breakdown of RBCs, increased protein from the RBCs, and increased intracranial pressure, as the diagnosis of this patient was late with a normal CT brain.
25. A normal CT scan does not exclude subarachnoid hemorrhage, and with a high index of suspicion, as in this patient’s case, lumbar puncture should have been carried out immediately, as soon as imaging had ruled out a mass lesion.
Content processed on Dec 21, 2025 8:42 PM
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Alright, let's break down **Cerebrovascular Stroke** and **Cerebral Hemorrhage**. This is really important for understanding how the brain gets damaged and what we can do about it. **Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis (CVST)** Let me explain what **Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis (CVST)** is. It’s...
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