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Quiz Questions (7 questions)
1. A macule is a flat skin lesion ≤ 1 cm in size that differs in color from surrounding skin.
2. An excoriation is an abrasion produced by mechanical force, usually involving the epidermis (but sometimes reaching the outer layer of the dermis).
3. A nodule is an elevated lesion > 1 cm in both diameter and depth.
4. Interdigital T. pedis is diagnosed as maceration, peeling, and fissuring between the toe clefts.
5. Favus presents as yellow cup-shaped crusts on the scalp that are pierced by hair, with a mousy odor.
6. Miliaria profunda presents as firm, large, erythematous papules and nodules on the trunk and intertriginous areas, often associated with reduced sweating in tropical climates.
7. Primary hyperhidrosis is characterized by both sides of the body being affected.
Previous Exam Questions (19 questions)
1. The epidermis is mainly composed of keratinocytes.
2. The stratum basale is the layer of the epidermis which contains stem cells, melanocytes, and merkel cells.
3. A bulla is a large fluid-containing blister greater than 1 cm in diameter.
4. The diagnosis for a 4-year-old female child with erythematous eruption formed of minute papules on the forehead, chest, back, and shoulders, with itching and positive recurrence nearly every year, is miliaria rubra.
5. Miliaria rubra is caused by blockage of the eccrine sweat ducts in hot and/or humid environments, with the site of pathology being within the subcorneal epidermis.
6. The diagnosis for a 19-year-old male teenager complaining of troublesome sweating in both palms and to a lesser extent in the soles of his feet, which has been persistent for months and interferes with using his hands in daily activities, is primary focal (palmoplantar) hyperhidrosis.
7. Primary focal hyperhidrosis is characterized by abnormal, persistent sweating that interferes with daily activities, is localized to areas such as the palms and soles, affects both sides of the body, and does not occur during sleep, beginning immediately after waking up.
8. Secondary hyperhidrosis is secondary to conditions such as hyperthyroidism, malignancy, obesity, or adverse effects of medication, is generalized, and may occur during sleep.
9. The epidermis is mainly composed of keratinocytes.
10. Stratum basale is the layer of the epidermis which contains stem cells, melanocytes, and merkel cells.
11. A bulla is a large fluid-containing blister greater than 1 cm in diameter.
12. The diagnosis for the 4-year-old female child with erythematous eruption, formed of minute papules, detected on the forehead, chest, back, and shoulders, is miliaria rubra.
13. The etiology of miliaria rubra is the blockage of the eccrine sweat ducts in hot and/or humid environments.
14. In miliaria rubra, the site of pathology is blockage within the subcorneal epidermis.
15. Clinical features of miliaria rubra include erythematous, minute papules that may become inflamed and pus-filled (miliaria pustulosa), itching or stinging pain exacerbated by sweating, and localization mainly on the trunk, neck, and intertriginous areas.
16. The diagnosis for the 19-year-old male teenager complaining of troublesome sweating in both palms and to a lesser extent in the soles of his feet is primary focal (palmoplantar) hyperhidrosis.
17. The diagnosis of primary focal (palmoplantar) hyperhidrosis is justified by abnormal (troublesome), persistent sweating, interfering with daily activities (hyperhidrosis), the site being in both palms and soles (focal/palmoplantar), and the patient being otherwise healthy (primary, no apparent cause).
18. Clinical features of primary focal hyperhidrosis include that it is usually localized (e.g., underarms, forehead, palms, soles), both sides of the body are affected, there is no sweating during sleep, and sweating begins immediately after waking up.
19. Secondary hyperhidrosis is secondary to conditions such as hyperthyroidism, malignancy, obesity, or adverse effects of medication; it is generalized; and it may occur during sleep.
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Alright man, let me explain the basics of dermatology, focusing on skin lesions, skin structure, and sweat gland disorders. This is really important for your exams, so pay attention. **Primary Skin Lesions** are the initial presentations of skin conditions. A **macule** is a flat skin lesion, and i...
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